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Wilhelma ((ヘブライ語:וילהלמה), originally in (ドイツ語:Wilhelma-Hamîdije)) was a German Templer colony in Palestine located southwest of al-'Abbasiyyah near Jaffa. Wilhelma-Hamîdije was named in honour of King William II of Württemberg, Emperor Wilhelm II and Sultan Abdul Hamid II, however, only the first half of the name prevailed.〔Alex Carmel (אלכס כרמל), ''Die Siedlungen der württembergischen Templer in Palästina (1868–1918)'' (11973), (הגרמנים בארץ ישראל בשלהי השלטון הטורקי: בעיותיה המדיניות, המקומיות והבינלאומיות, ירושלים :חמו"ל, תש"ל; German ), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 32000, (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg: Reihe B, Forschungen; vol. 77), p. 72. ISBN 3-17-016788-X.〕 Wilhelma was established by German settlers in 1902 in Palestine then under Ottoman rule. In July 1918, the German residents of Wilhelma were interned at Helouan, near Cairo in Egypt.〔Glenk et al., pp 67–72.〕 They were returned to Palestine in January 1921.〔Glenk et al., pp 79–80.〕 During the inter-war years the colony produced dairy goods and wine in collaboration with the German colony at Sarona.〔Glenk et al., pp 120–123.〕 At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, Wilhelma had a population of 186 Christians, 36 Muslims and 1 Jew. By the 1931 census, there were 65 occupied houses and a population of 231 Christians, 84 Muslims, and 4 Jews. During World War II, Wilhelma was transformed into an internment camp by the British Mandatory authorities where German settlers from Wilhelma and other localities such as Sarona as well as other enemy aliens (such as Hungarians and Italians) were concentrated and held.〔Frank Foerster, ''Mission im Heiligen Land: Der Jerusalems-Verein zu Berlin 1852-1945'', Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlags-Haus Mohn, 1991, (Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen; (), 25), pp. 134 and 136. ISBN 3-579-00245-7〕〔Glenk et al., 2005, pp. 218 - 222.〕 In World War II, guarded by Jewish police, the camp was under an early night curfew.〔 Detainees were held there until April 1948 when the last of them were moved out to Germany or resettled in Australia.〔 Three Jewish settlements of the Moshav were established on this land in 1948. The first was abandoned on May 15, 1948 after being overrun by the Arab Legion. The second was established by a ''Hapoel Hamizrahi'' group. The third was established by the Tehiya group of the ''Hapoel Haizrahi''. Wilhelma is now the site of the Israeli locality of Bnei Atarot.〔(The nine lives of the Café Lorenz ) Haaretz, 20 January 2008〕 What is now Israel's Ben Gurion International Airport was originally named "Wilhelma Airport" when it was built in 1936 near the Templer community.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ben Gurion Airport- The 30's )〕 It was renamed RAF Station Lydda in 1943. During World War II it served as a major airfield for military air transport and aircraft ferry operations between military bases in Europe, Africa, the Middle East (mainly Iraq and Persia) and South/Southeast Asia. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wilhelma, Palestine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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